The angle keyword is used to specify orientation of jointing. With UDEC 7, you can also specify 3D joint orientations (dip and dip-direction) and the 2D model plane, with UDEC 7 automatically calculating the joint-plane intersection traces as visualized in the following 3DEC model. This permits you to rapidly generate a 2D model or a series of models using real-word data without having to do any math yourself.
3DEC plot representing the 3D joint-plane intersection traces in UDEC.
Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) Generator
UDEC 7 also includes DFN logic with a built-in DFN generator based on
a statistical description. Fractures are generated until a specified
stopping criterion is met. These conditions include:
a target fracture number;
a target P10 (defined from borehole data as fracture frequency);
a target density P21 (from trace mapping upon surfaces such as benches or tunnel wall);
a target percolation volume;
DFN at the connectivity threshold; and
user-defined criteria (fish-stop).
The logic is similar to that used in 3DEC and also permits the
simulation of joints embedded within blocks, whereas joint commands
would truncate (remove) joint segments that fall within blocks. This is
achieved by cutting a construction joint in the same
position/orientation as the fracture until it intersects the model
boundary or another joint. Different properties can then be assigned to
the contacts falling on fractures (e.g., zero cohesion) and "solid" rock
(e.g., contacts outside of fractures are ‘glued’). New plot items for
working with DFNs, including stereonet and rosette charts, have also
been added. The DFN logic is fully supported by both commands and FISH
functions. Below are two videos of a simulated uniaxial compression test
with the sample incorporating DFN-generated jointing. In the first
video two cracks are added to a specimen which is then divided into a
series of voronoi blocks to represent the intact rock while permiting
new cracks to form. Displacement contours, joint states (failure modes),
and an axial-displacment versus axial stress chart are shown.
In the following video a DFN is generated in the specimen using two commands:
; orientations will be uniformly distributed by default and the
fracture size is randomly generated using a power-law value limted to a
fracture length between 1 and 100 units.
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